Health Hazards:
- Respiratory Issues:
- Asthma & Allergies: Triggers include dust mites, mold spores, pet dander, and pollen. Chronic exposure can worsen symptoms or lead to new-onset asthma.
- Infections: Poor ventilation increases airborne pathogens (e.g., viruses, bacteria), raising risks of respiratory infections like influenza or COVID-19.
- Chronic Diseases:
- Lung Cancer: Linked to radon gas (a leading cause in non-smokers) and secondhand smoke.
- Cardiovascular Problems: Long-term exposure to fine particulates (PM2.5) from combustion (e.g., cooking fumes, tobacco) is associated with heart disease.
- Neurological & Cognitive Effects:
- Headaches, Fatigue, and Cognitive Decline: High CO2 levels and VOCs (from paints, cleaners) impair concentration and decision-making, affecting productivity in workplaces/schools.
- Immediate Symptoms:
- Sick Building Syndrome (SBS): Eye, nose, or throat irritation, dizziness, and skin rashes, often tied to inadequate ventilation or chemical pollutants.
- Mental Health Impacts:
- Chronic exposure may contribute to stress, anxiety, or depression due to discomfort or persistent health issues.
Vulnerable Populations:
- Children/Elderly: More susceptible due to developing or weakened immune systems.
- Immunocompromised Individuals: Higher risk of severe infections from mold or pathogens.
- Chronic Illness Sufferers: Those with pre-existing respiratory or heart conditions face exacerbated symptoms.
Structural & Environmental Hazards:
- Mold Growth: Excess moisture damages walls, ceilings, and furniture, requiring costly repairs.
- Odors & Discomfort: Persistent smells from VOCs, mold, or tobacco reduce indoor livability.
Economic & Productivity Costs:
- Healthcare Expenses: Increased medical visits and treatments for air-quality-related illnesses.
- Work/School Absenteeism: Poor air correlates with lower performance and higher absenteeism.
Key Pollutants & Sources:
- Chemical: VOCs (cleaning products, furnishings), carbon monoxide (faulty heaters), tobacco smoke.
- Biological: Mold, bacteria, viruses.
- Particulates: Dust, PM2.5 (cooking, smoking).
- Physical: Radon (soil seepage), asbestos (aging insulation).
Mitigation Factors:
- Ventilation: Proper airflow reduces pollutant concentration.
- Humidity Control: Maintain 30–50% to prevent mold/dust mites.
- Air Purifiers: Use HEPA filters, avoid ozone-generating devices.
Addressing indoor air quality through monitoring, ventilation, and source control can mitigate these hazards, safeguarding health and well-being.